PARTICIPLE (TEXT)

The rabbit lying in the cage is mine. It is male. I name him Jhony. I and the children like him very much. Every morning we sit arroun the cage feeding him. I never let him playing outside. I don't want him stolen or getting lost

participle

PARTICIPLE

PRESENT     PARTICIPLE

The man waiting for the bus is my uncle.

(the man waiting for me is my uncle)

The waiting man is my uncle.

( the man who is waiting is my uncle )

The boiling water is very hot.

(The water which is boiling is  very hot)

-       

PAST PARTICIPLE 

The injured boy  was taken to the hospital .

( the boy who was injured was taken to the hospital)

The boy injured in the car accident was taken to the hospital .

( the boy who was injured  in the car accident  was taken  to the hospital  )

Annoyed by the loud voice, Rere woke up from his dreaming .
( Because Rere was annoyed by the loud voice,  he got up from his dreaming) 

 Having locked all the doors, she went to bed.

( After she had locked all the doors, she went to bed)

-       Shouting loudly, he kicked the ball.

(While he was shouting loudly, he kicked the ball)

-       Being ill, Linda didn’t go to school.

( Because Linda was ill, she didn’t go to school)

-       Father watched the children playing in the garden.

( After perception verb, such as , see, listen, observe , watch, feel,
 look at, smell, hear followed by Verb ing as present participle) 

NOTE : 
the conjunctions used for participle are because,as, for, since,  after, while , when.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

Adverbial Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai kata keterangan (adverb), yakni menerangkan kata kerja. Kalimat adverbial clause dimulai dengan subordinatif conjunctions (seperti if, when, because atau altough) dan biasanya mencakup subjek dan predikat.
Macam-macam Adverbial Clause:

1. Adverb Clause of Time

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan waktu. Untuk menunjukkan adverb clause of time kita bisa menggunakan subordinating conjunctions, seperti: after, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while.
Contoh:            When I was writing an diary book, my friend came.

                         Before I read history book, I was read a novel.

                         The coach met with her players after the game was over.

2. Adverb Clause of Place

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan tempat, dan dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunction: where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere.
Contoh:            You may go wherever you want.

                         Anywhere you go, sports stars are national heroes.

                         Wherever you are,I’ll be able to find you.

3. Adverb Clause of Reason

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan alasan, kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: as, because, since.
Contoh:            Since it’s raining so heavily, I can’t go out.

                         Lissa doesn’t go to school because she is sick.

                         He was unable to play in the final games as he had hurt his ankle.

4. Adverb Clause of Manner

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan cara.
Contoh:            Do as I ask you to do.

5. Adverb Clause of Contrast / Concession

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan perbedaan atau pertentangan. kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: altough, even, though, while, where as untuk menunjukkan adverb clause of contrast.
Contoh:            He is still poor although he has worked so hard.

                         Even though I don’t have much money, I will try to help him.

                         They won the game, though they didn’t really deserve the victory.

6. Adverb Clause of Condition

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan syarat, kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: if, even if, only if, unless.
Contoh:            You’ll succeed, if you do your best.

                         If I were a bird, I would fly.

                        You won’t be rich unless you work hard.

                        You will be comfortable inside the house even if it’s cold and raining outside.

7. Adverb Clause of Result

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan akibat.
Contoh:            She is so short that she can’t become a stewardess.

                         She studies so hard that she is successful in her study.

8. Adverb Clause of Purpose

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan tujuan.
Contoh:            Susan takes a computer lesson in order that she can get a job easily.

                         People eat nutritious food so that they will keep healthy.

9. Adverb Clause of Comparison

Adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan perbandingan.
Contoh:            Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher.

                         An elephant is stronger than a rabbit.

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NOUN CLAUSE

 NOUN CLAUSE

Noun Clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai noun (sebagai subject atau object).

1. Noun Clause sebagai Subject Kalimat (subject of a sentences)

e.g. What you did means nothing.

                   (Apa yang kamu lakukan tdk berarti sama sekali.)

                   How we become so rich makes  people curious.

                   (Bagaimana kita  menjadi begitu kaya, membuat orang-orang menjadi penasaran.)

                  What the salesman has said is untrue.

                   (Apa yang sudah dikatakan oleh pedagang itu tidak benar.)

2. Noun Clause sebagai Object Verba Transitif (Object of a Transitif Verb)

e.g. I know what you mean.

                   (Saya tahu apa yang kamu maksud.)

                   Please tell me what happened.

                   (Tolong katakan padaku apa yang terjadi.)

                   She said that her daughter would study in Singapore.

                   (Dia mengatakan bahwa putrinya akan belajar di Singapur.)

Kata kerja (verb) yang dapat diikuti oleh noun clause, dalam hal ini diikuti oleh frase “that-clause”, yaitu:

Admit : mengakui,                              Realize : menyadari,

Announce : mengumumkan,             Recommend : menganjurkan,

Believe : percaya,                               Remember : mengingat,

Deny : menyangkal,                            Reveal : menyatakan / mengungkapkan,

Expect : mengharapkan,                    Say : mengatakan,

See : melihat,                                      Think : berfikir / berpendapat,

Stipulate : menetapkan,                    Hear : mendengar,

Suggest : menganjurkan,                   Inform : memberitahukan,

Suppose : mengira,                            Know : mengetahui,

Forget : lupa,                                      Promise : berjanji,

Wish : berharap,                                 Propose : mengusulkan,

Understand : mengerti / memahami.

3. Noun Clause sebagai Object Preposisi (Object of a Preposition)

e.g. Be careful of what you’re doing.

                  (Hati-hati dengan apa yang kamu lakukan.)

                  Please listen to what your parents are saying.

                  (Tolong dengarkan apa yang sedang orang tuamu katakan.)

4. Noun Clause sebagai Pelengkap (Complement)

e.g.  This is what I want.

                   (Ini yang saya mau)

                  The good news is that the culprit has been put into the jail.

                  (Kabar baiknya adalah pelaku kejahatan sudah dimasukkan ke penjara.)

                  That is what you need.

                  (Itu yang kamu butuhkan.)

5. Noun Clause sebagai Pemberi Keterangan Tambahan (Noun in Apposition)

e.g. The fact that Dyan always comes late doesn’t surprise me.

                 (Kenyataan bahwa Dyan selalu datang terlambat tidak mengagetkanku.)

                  The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable.

                  (Gagasan bahwa orang dapat hidup tanpa oksigen itu tidak masuk akal.)

*Catatan :

Klausa yang dicetak tebal pada contoh kalimat adalah noun clause yang berfungsi sebagai nomina / kata benda (noun).